Tahsili SAAT (Saudi Arabia) · Biology

Cellular Biology, Genetics, Physiology and Ecology

31 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 31 questions

  1. Which cellular organelle is responsible for generating the majority of cellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation?
  2. In plant photosynthesis, in which specific chloroplast compartment do the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) take place?
  3. Which nitrogenous base is present in RNA but absent in DNA?
  4. According to Mendelian genetics, what is the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ()?
  5. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs directly into the left atrium of the human heart?
  6. What is the functional contractile unit of a skeletal muscle fiber bounded by two Z-discs?
  7. Which hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas lowers blood glucose concentration?
  8. In the five-kingdom classification system proposed by Robert Whittaker, which kingdom comprises unicellular prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria?
  9. What type of ecological symbiotic interaction occurs when one organism benefits while the other organism is neither helped nor harmed?
  10. During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
  11. What enzyme unzips the double-stranded DNA helix at the replication fork during DNA replication?
  12. Which human organ filters blood to produce urine and regulates electrolyte and acid-base balance?
  13. Which component of human blood is primarily responsible for forming clots to prevent hemorrhage?
  14. In plant vascular tissue, which structure is specialized for transporting water and dissolved inorganic minerals upward from roots to leaves?
  15. What is the basic functional unit of the human nervous system responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical impulses?
  16. What type of enzyme breaks down starch into disaccharides in the human oral cavity and small intestine?
  17. Which part of the brain coordinates voluntary motor movement, balance, and fine motor posture?
  18. What process produces four genetically diverse haploid gamete cells from a single diploid germ cell?
  19. In cellular respiration, what is the net yield of ATP molecules produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
  20. What structural polysaccharide forms the rigid cell walls of fungal organisms?
  21. Which trophic level in an ecological food chain possesses the greatest total biomass and energy?
  22. What type of blood can an individual with blood type O negative () safely receive in a blood transfusion?
  23. What is the term for a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome?
  24. Which chamber of the human heart pumps oxygenated blood under high pressure into the aorta?
  25. What is the primary function of the stomata on plant leaves?
  26. Which kingdom of organisms is characterized by multicellularity, heterotrophic nutrition via ingestion, and lack of rigid cell walls?
  27. In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals () for an autosomal trait is . What is the frequency of heterozygous carriers ()?
  28. In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($AaBb \times AaBb$) with independently assorting genes, what proportion of the offspring will display at least one dominant phenotype?
  29. During complete aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule, how many net ATP molecules are produced via substrate-level phosphorylation (glycolysis and Krebs cycle combined)?
  30. During eukaryotic DNA replication, which enzyme synthesizes short RNA primers required for DNA polymerase to initiate Okazaki fragment synthesis on the lagging strand?
  31. In a human pedigree, an inherited condition affects only males and is transmitted from carrier mothers to of their sons. Affected males never transmit the condition to sons. What is the mode of…

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