Jordanian Medical Licensing Examination (JMLE) · Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology

Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care

75 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 75 questions

  1. A 3-week-old first-born male infant presents with non-bilious projectile vomiting immediately after every feeding. He appears avidly hungry after vomiting. Physical examination reveals mild dehydratio…
  2. A full-term infant is assessed immediately following delivery. At 1 minute of life: heart rate is 120 bpm, respiratory effort is vigorous with crying, muscle tone shows active flexion of all extremiti…
  3. A 2-year-old boy presents with a 2-day history of low-grade fever, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, and a characteristic 'barking' cough that worsens at night. His oxygen saturation is 97% on room air…
  4. A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department in respiratory distress. She has a high fever (39.8 C), appears toxic, is sitting forward in a 'tripod' position with her neck extended, and is…
  5. An 8-month-old infant presents with sudden episodes of severe colicky abdominal pain during which he draws his knees up to his chest and cries inconsolably, alternating with periods of lethargy. Durin…
  6. A 3-year-old boy presents with high fever lasting for 6 consecutive days. Examination reveals bilateral non-exudative conjunctival injection, cracked erythematous lips, a 'strawberry tongue', indurati…
  7. A 4-year-old child presents with generalized periorbital and pretibial pitting edema following a minor upper respiratory infection. Urinalysis demonstrates 4+ proteinuria with no hematuria. Serum albu…
  8. A 7-year-old boy presents with sudden onset of a palpable, non-thrombocytopenic purpuric rash over his buttocks and lower extremities, crampy abdominal pain, and swelling in his bilateral ankles. Comp…
  9. A 5-year-old boy presents with gross hematuria ('tea-colored' or 'cola-colored' urine), facial puffiness, and mild hypertension 2 weeks after an episode of culture-confirmed streptococcal pharyngitis.…
  10. A 9-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-child examination. The mother asks about normal developmental milestones. Which of the following fine motor and gross motor milestones is expec…
  11. A 6-month-old infant presents with tachypnea, wheezing, bilateral fine end-expiratory crackles, and mild intercostal retractions during winter. Nasopharyngeal PCR is positive for Respiratory Syncytial…
  12. A 14-month-old toddler presents with a 3-day history of high fever (39.5 C) with no focal signs on examination. On the fourth day, the fever abruptly resolves, and a rose-pink maculopapular blanching…
  13. A 2-day-old term newborn presents with prominent jaundice. Serum total bilirubin is 18.5 mg/dL with a direct fraction of 0.6 mg/dL. Maternal blood group is O-negative, and infant blood group is A-posi…
  14. A 10-year-old child with a known peanut allergy accidentally ingests peanut oil. Within minutes, he develops generalized urticaria, lip swelling, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor. Blood pressure is…
  15. A 12-month-old infant is evaluated for failure to thrive, pale bulky foul-smelling stools, and marked abdominal distension following the introduction of wheat cereals into his diet. Serum anti-tissue…
  16. A 3-year-old unimmunized child presents with fever, paroxysmal spasms of coughing followed by a loud inspiratory 'whoop', and post-tussive vomiting. Complete blood count reveals marked leukocytosis (…
  17. A newborn male infant fails to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life, followed by progressive abdominal distension and bilious emesis. Digital rectal examination results in an explosive expu…
  18. A 6-year-old child presents with a 4 cm, smooth, non-tender, firm unilateral abdominal mass discovered by his mother while bathing him. He has microscopic hematuria and a blood pressure of 125/82 mmHg…
  19. A 14-year-old boy presents with progressive muscle weakness. His parents noted difficulty climbing stairs and rising from the floor since age 4, using his hands to 'walk up' his thighs to reach a stan…
  20. A 2-week-old female infant is evaluated for poor feeding, lethargy, and persistent jaundice. On examination, she exhibits coarse facial features, an enlarged protruding tongue (macroglossia), a wide a…
  21. A 3-year-old child presents with a high fever (39.2 C), irritability, and ear tugging. Otoscopic examination demonstrates an erythematous, bulging, opaque tympanic membrane with distinctly diminished…
  22. An 8-year-old boy presents with recurrent episodes of generalized wheezing and nocturnal dry cough exacerbated by cold weather and exercise. Spirometry demonstrates an FEV1/FVC ratio of 68% that impro…
  23. A 5-year-old girl presents with fever, generalized fatigue, and bone pain. Examination reveals generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and petechiae on her legs. Complete blood count shows he…
  24. A 6-year-old girl presents with sudden-onset fever, dysphagia, and a prominent 'bull neck' appearance due to massive cervical lymphadenopathy. Oropharyngeal examination reveals an adherent, thick, gra…
  25. A 15-year-old female presents with primary amenorrhea, short stature (height below the 3rd percentile), a broad webbed neck, a low posterior hairline, and a wide carrying angle of the arms (cubitus va…
  26. A 6-month-old male infant presents with recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, and skin abscesses. Laboratory evaluation reveals normal numbers of circulating T lymphocytes, but serum IgG…
  27. A child has fever for three days which settles and then a rash appears as the fever disappears. What is the diagnosis?
  28. A continuous machinery murmur in the left infraclavicular area suggests which defect?
  29. A 10 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 75 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  30. Using the standard estimation formula, what is the approximate weight of a 8-year-old child?
  31. A child weighing 36 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  32. A child weighing 30 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 20 mg/kg/day in 2 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  33. The most common cause of neonatal jaundice appearing after 24 hours with a normal clinical picture is:
  34. Pale stools, dark urine and conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in a 4-week-old suggest what?
  35. A 6 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 50 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  36. Febrile convulsions most commonly occur between which ages?
  37. Recurrent chest infections, steatorrhoea and a high sweat chloride in a child suggest what?
  38. At 1 minute a newborn has heart rate above 100, weak irregular breathing, limp, no response to stimulation and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores 0…
  39. A child weighing 26 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 40 mg/kg/day in 4 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  40. A child weighing 32 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  41. A child weighing 16 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  42. A 2-year-old with drooling, high fever, muffled voice and a preference to sit forward most likely has what?
  43. A child has a 'slapped cheek' rash. Which virus is responsible?
  44. Using the standard estimation formula, what is the approximate weight of a 6-year-old child?
  45. A child weighing 7 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 10 mg/kg/day in 2 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  46. Which cyanotic congenital heart disease consists of VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular hypertrophy?
  47. A child weighing 28 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  48. A child weighing 28 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 15 mg/kg/day in 3 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  49. A 10 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 50 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  50. Which trisomy causes Down syndrome?
  51. A newborn fails to pass meconium in 48 hours and has a transition zone on contrast enema. What is the diagnosis?
  52. A 12 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 50 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  53. Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets in children?
  54. At 1 minute a newborn has heart rate above 100, no breathing, limp, no response to stimulation and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores 0, 1 or 2.)
  55. At 1 minute a newborn has heart rate above 100, no breathing, some flexion of the limbs, a grimace and a blue or pale body. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores 0, 1 or 2.)
  56. A 5-week-old boy has projectile non-bilious vomiting and a palpable olive-shaped mass. What is the diagnosis?
  57. What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in a neonate?
  58. A child weighing 14 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 10 mg/kg/day in 2 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  59. At what age do most children walk independently?
  60. A girl has the sudden onset of unilateral tonsillar enlargement with a deviated uvula and trismus. What is the diagnosis?
  61. At 1 minute a newborn has heart rate below 100, a strong cry, some flexion of the limbs, a grimace and a completely pink body. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores 0, 1 or 2.)
  62. A 8 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 25 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  63. A child has hypsarrhythmia on EEG and flexor spasms in clusters. What is the diagnosis?
  64. Using the standard estimation formula, what is the approximate weight of a 10-year-old child?
  65. A 20 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 100 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  66. A child weighing 20 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 30 mg/kg/day in 2 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  67. A child with severe wasting, a protruding abdomen, oedema and hair changes has what?
  68. A child weighing 19 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  69. At 1 minute a newborn has absent heart rate, a strong cry, some flexion of the limbs, a vigorous cry on stimulation and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs…
  70. A child weighing 29 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  71. A child weighing 29 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 30 mg/kg/day in 2 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  72. A 18 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 75 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  73. A child weighing 20 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  74. A 15 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 100 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  75. A child weighing 25 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?

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