General Education Diploma (GED Oman) · Physics And Chemistry

Chemical Thermodynamics, Equilibrium and Organic Chemistry

31 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 31 questions

  1. For an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in an isolated system at constant pressure, what is the sign of the enthalpy change delta H?
  2. Consider the exothermic Haber process equilibrium: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) <=> 2 NH3(g) with delta H = -92 kJ/mol. According to Le Chatelier's principle, which change shifts the equilibrium to the right?
  3. What is the pH of a 0.001 M aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 25 degrees Celsius?
  4. What is the conjugate base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion, H2PO4^-?
  5. In a galvanic (voltaic) electrochemical cell, at which electrode does oxidation occur and what is its electrical polarity?
  6. Given standard reduction potentials E_deg(Cu^2+/Cu) = +0.34 V and E_deg(Zn^2+/Zn) = -0.76 V, what is the standard cell potential E_deg_cell for the Daniell cell?
  7. What is the IUPAC systematic name for the organic compound CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CHO?
  8. Which catalyst and conditions are used in the laboratory synthesis of ethyl ethanoate from ethanol and ethanoic acid?
  9. What is the predominant mechanism for the reaction between 2-bromo-2-methylpropane and warm aqueous sodium hydroxide?
  10. What functional group is produced when a secondary alcohol such as propan-2-ol is oxidized using acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?
  11. Using bond energies: C-H = 413 kJ/mol, Cl-Cl = 243 kJ/mol, C-Cl = 328 kJ/mol, and H-Cl = 432 kJ/mol, what is delta H for CH4 + Cl2 -> CH3Cl + HCl?
  12. What characterizes a chemical buffer solution consisting of ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate?
  13. How does adding a heterogeneous solid catalyst affect an equilibrium reaction such as the contact process for sulfuric acid production?
  14. What is the oxidation state of chromium in potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7?
  15. Which reagent distinguishes an aldehyde from a ketone by forming a silver mirror on the inner surface of the test tube?
  16. According to the Arrhenius equation k = A e^(-Ea / (RT)), what happens to the rate constant k when the reaction temperature T increases?
  17. What is the optical property of a molecule that possesses a chiral center (an asymmetric carbon atom bonded to four different groups)?
  18. In the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride (brine) using inert electrodes, what gas is evolved at the anode?
  19. What type of isomerism is shown between butane (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3) and 2-methylpropane (CH(CH3)3)?
  20. What is the hybridization state of the carbon atoms in ethyne (acetylene, H-C#C-H)?
  21. What is the standard enthalpy of formation delta H_f_deg for an element in its standard reference state, such as O2(g) or C(graphite) at 298 K?
  22. Which of the following organic compounds has the highest boiling point among isomers of molecular formula C4H10O?
  23. What is the expression for the solubility product constant Ksp of calcium fluoride, CaF2, which dissolves according to CaF2(s) <=> Ca^2+(aq) + 2 F^-(aq)?
  24. What occurs during the saponification of a triglyceride fat using aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH)?
  25. Which principle explains why an electron enters the 4s orbital before entering the 3d orbital in ground-state neutral transition atoms?
  26. What gas is produced when calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid in the laboratory?
  27. A diffraction grating has 500 lines per millimeter. What is the highest order of diffraction () observable for red laser light of wavelength 650 nm?
  28. In nuclear physics, what particle is emitted in the alpha decay of Uranium-238 ()?
  29. What is the standard enthalpy of reaction () for , given …
  30. A simple pendulum of length on Earth () is transported to the Moon, where gravitational acceleration is . By what factor does its…
  31. What is the hybridisation state of the central xenon atom in xenon tetrafluoride () and its molecular geometry?

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