ENAM Practice (Peru National Medical Examination) · Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Public Health

Paediatrics

24 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 24 questions

  1. A 3-month-old infant has fever, rapid breathing, wheeze and intercostal retractions during the rainy season. What is the most likely diagnosis?
  2. A 2-year-old has a barking cough, inspiratory stridor and hoarseness after a cold. What is the first-line treatment?
  3. A 4-year-old child has high fever, drooling, muffled voice and sits leaning forward. What is the priority?
  4. A 6-month-old has watery diarrhoea and mild dehydration, with no vomiting. What is the best treatment?
  5. A 9-month-old has sudden colicky abdominal pain with drawing up of the legs, vomiting and currant jelly stools. What is the diagnosis?
  6. A 5-week-old boy has projectile non-bilious vomiting after every feed and a palpable olive-shaped mass. Which metabolic abnormality is expected?
  7. A 3-day-old term newborn has jaundice of the face and chest, and is breastfeeding well. What is the most likely diagnosis?
  8. A newborn develops jaundice in the first 12 hours of life. The mother is O positive and the baby A positive. What is the most likely cause?
  9. A 12-month-old child needs the measles-containing vaccine. Which vaccine is given at this age in the national schedule?
  10. Which vaccine is given to newborns before discharge to protect against severe forms of tuberculosis?
  11. A 4-year-old has fever for six days, bilateral conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy and peeling fingertips. What is the treatment?
  12. A 7-year-old has migratory polyarthritis, a new murmur and fever three weeks after a sore throat. What is the diagnosis?
  13. An 18-month-old has a tonic-clonic seizure lasting two minutes with a temperature of 39.5 degrees Celsius and recovers fully. What is the diagnosis?
  14. At what age does a typical infant first sit without support?
  15. At what age does a typical child first walk independently?
  16. Which finding is the earliest social milestone in an infant?
  17. A 2-year-old has pale conjunctivae, drinks 1 litre of cow's milk daily and has microcytic anaemia. What is the most likely cause?
  18. A 3-year-old from a rural highland community has oedema of the legs, skin lesions, thin hair and a swollen abdomen, with preserved weight for height. What is the diagnosis?
  19. A 10-month-old has bowed legs, a rachitic rosary and delayed closure of the fontanelle. What is the deficiency?
  20. A 6-year-old has palpable purpura on the buttocks and legs, abdominal pain, arthritis and haematuria. What is the diagnosis?
  21. A 2-year-old girl has fever and foul-smelling urine, and a urine culture grows Escherichia coli. Which imaging is advised after the first febrile urinary tract infection in an infant?
  22. A newborn screening test shows a markedly raised TSH. What is the diagnosis?
  23. A 3-year-old has paroxysmal cough with an inspiratory whoop and vomiting after coughing. What is the cause?
  24. A 4-year-old has bilateral ear pain and bulging, erythematous tympanic membranes with fever. What is the first-line antibiotic?

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