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PET Quantitative and Verbal Reasoning Core Concepts

25 flashcards reviewing essential mathematical rules, geometry shortcuts, and formal deductive logic principles for PET study.

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What is the combined work rate formula for two workers with individual completion times A and B?
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1
What is the combined work rate formula for two workers with individual completion times A and B?
1 / T_{combined} = 1/A + 1/B, so T_{combined} = (A * B) / (A + B).
2
What are the side length ratios of a 30-60-90 special right triangle?
1 : sqrt(3) : 2, where 1 is opposite 30 degrees, sqrt(3) is opposite 60 degrees, and 2 is the hypotenuse.
3
What are the side length ratios of a 45-45-90 isosceles right triangle?
1 : 1 : sqrt(2), where the legs are equal and the hypotenuse is leg * sqrt(2).
4
What is the area formula for an equilateral triangle of side length s?
Area = (sqrt(3) / 4) * s^2.
5
What is the relative speed formula for two objects moving in opposite directions towards each other?
v_{relative} = v_1 + v_2, and the closing time is distance / (v_1 + v_2).
6
What is the formula for the sum of interior angles in an n-sided polygon?
Sum = (n - 2) 180 degrees. For a regular polygon, each angle is (n - 2) 180 / n.
7
What is the arc length formula for a sector of radius r and central angle theta degrees?
Arc length = 2 pi r (theta / 360) = r theta_{rad}.
8
What is the area of a circle sector with radius r and central angle theta degrees?
Area = pi r^2 (theta / 360) = (1/2) r^2 theta_{rad}.
9
What is the intersecting chords theorem inside a circle for chords AB and CD intersecting at P?
AP PB = CP PD.
10
What is the total surface area formula for a cylinder of radius r and height h?
Total Area = 2 pi r^2 (two circular bases) + 2 pi r * h (lateral surface).
11
How many combinations C(n, k) can be selected from n items without regard to order?
C(n, k) = n! / (k! * (n - k)!).
12
How many permutations P(n, k) can be arranged from n items when order matters?
P(n, k) = n! / (n - k)!.
13
By the principle of inclusion-exclusion, what is |A U B| for two overlapping sets?
|A U B| = |A| + |B| - |A intersect B|.
14
If an initial quantity is increased by x% and then decreased by x%, what is the net effect?
The net result is always a decrease of (x / 10)^2 percent, specifically 1 - (x/100)^2 of original.
15
What is the relationship between the arithmetic mean and the sum of N numbers?
Sum = Mean * N. Any addition of an item above the mean raises the overall average.
16
What is the contrapositive of a conditional proposition 'If P, then Q'?
'If not Q, then not P'. It is logically equivalent to the original statement.
17
What is the formal logical fallacy of 'Affirming the Consequent'?
Concluding P from (P -> Q) and Q. Just because Q occurred does not prove P was the cause.
18
What is the formal logical fallacy of 'Denying the Antecedent'?
Concluding not-Q from (P -> Q) and not-P. Q may still occur through other mechanisms.
19
What is the difference between a necessary condition and a sufficient condition?
A sufficient condition guarantees the outcome (P -> Q). A necessary condition is required for the outcome (Q -> P).
20
In verbal analogies, what is the best strategy to identify the relationship?
Formulate a concise, definitive sentence connecting the stem words, then test each option against that exact structure.
21
How does an argument's unstated assumption relate to its premises and conclusion?
An unstated premise that MUST be true for the argument's premises to support its conclusion.
22
What is the most effective way to weaken a causal argument in critical reading?
Introduce a plausible alternative cause, show the reverse causal direction, or show correlation without causation.
23
What does a contrast transition word such as 'notwithstanding' or 'whereas' signal in a sentence?
An opposition or concession between two clauses that reverses expected semantic direction.
24
In formal syllogisms, what can be deduced from 'All A are B' and 'Some B are C'?
No necessary connection between A and C can be deduced; A and C might be disjoint.
25
What does 'specious reasoning' refer to in critical analysis?
An argument that appears superficially plausible and convincing, but is fundamentally invalid or fallacious.

Psychometric Entrance Test (PET Israel) in Israel

In Israel, Psychometric Entrance Test (PET Israel) is part of: Secondary Matriculation and University Entrance.

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