Which cytokine secreted by antigen-stimulated Th1 cells activates macrophages and enhances MHC class II expression?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Interferon-gamma
IFN-gamma is the signature Th1 cytokine that strongly activates macrophages (classical M1 activation), enhancing intracellular killing, nitric oxide production, and MHC class II expression. IL-4 and IL-5 are Th2 cytokines; IL-10 is anti-inflammatory.
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