Medical University Entrance Examination (Bulgaria) · Human Biology and Physiology

Nervous, Sensory, and Immune Systems

25 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

Practise Nervous, Sensory, and Immune Systems now

Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 25 questions

  1. What ionic conductance is primarily responsible for establishing the negative resting membrane potential of neurons?
  2. Which rapid ionic event underlies the steep depolarization phase (phase 0) of a neuronal action potential?
  3. What mechanism explains the absolute refractory period in excitable neuronal membranes?
  4. Why does myelination dramatically increase the conduction velocity of action potentials along axons?
  5. Which ion influx into the presynaptic terminal triggers exocytosis of neurotransmitter vesicles?
  6. Which chemical is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human adult cerebral cortex?
  7. Activation of which ionotropic glutamate receptor requires both glutamate binding and membrane depolarization to expel a blocking magnesium ion?
  8. Which brain region coordinates motor movement, posture, and motor error correction?
  9. What is the primary function of the autonomic parasympathetic division on the heart?
  10. Which cranial nerve provides primary parasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract?
  11. What phototransduction event occurs in rod photoreceptors upon absorption of a photon by rhodopsin?
  12. In which inner ear structure are auditory sensory hair cells located?
  13. Why does potassium influx depolarize cochlear hair cells, unlike most other excitable human cells?
  14. Which sensory receptors detect change in muscle length and rate of change to mediate the stretch reflex?
  15. Which cells of the innate immune system kill virus-infected and tumor cells lacking surface MHC class I molecules?
  16. Which antibody isotype crosses the human placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?
  17. Which antibody class forms a secretory dimer protecting mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts?
  18. Which complement activation pathway is initiated when C1q binds directly to antigen-antibody complexes?
  19. Which cytokine secreted by antigen-stimulated Th1 cells activates macrophages and enhances MHC class II expression?
  20. Which cell surface molecules present endogenous peptides to cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes?
  21. What is the primary immunological mechanism that prevents development of autoimmune disease in the thymus?
  22. Which cells release histamine and leukotrienes during type I immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
  23. Which area of the left cerebral hemisphere is specialized for motor speech production and articulation?
  24. Which ascending spinal cord pathway transmits discriminative touch, conscious proprioception, and vibratory sense to the brainstem?
  25. What physiological effect does sympathetic stimulation exert on the human eye pupil?

Keep practising

More Medical University Entrance Examination (Bulgaria) topics

All Medical University Entrance Examination (Bulgaria) practice →

Ready for the full Medical University Entrance Examination (Bulgaria) test?

Take a mock testMedical University Entrance Examination (Bulgaria) hub