Under the landmark Basic Structure Doctrine (Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala), what is the limitation on Parliament amending power under Article 368?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution but cannot alter its basic structure
- Step 1: Review the 13-judge bench ruling in Kesavananda Bharati (1973).
- Step 2: The court held that the power to amend in Article 368 is not unlimited.
- Step 3: Parliament cannot alter the basic structure or foundational framework of the Constitution (such as judicial review, federalism, secularism, rule of law).
Answer
Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution but cannot alter its basic structure.
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