Consider five scholars: A, B, C, D, and E. 1) If A attends, both B and C attend. 2) If C attends, D does not attend. 3) Either D or E attends, but not both. 4) E does not attend. Which conclusion is valid?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Scholar A does not attend based on evidence
- Step 1: From 4, E does not attend. From 3, either D or E attends, so D attends. Step 2. From 2, C implies not D. Contrapositive: D implies not C. Since D attends, C does not attend. Step 3. From 1, A implies (B and C). Contrapositive: (not B or not C) implies not A. Since C does not attend, A does not attend. Answer: Scholar A does not attend. Why not the others: C does not attend; B is undetermined; A cannot attend.
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