What landmark international treaty on biodiversity was adopted at the historic 'Earth Summit' held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

  1. Step 1: In 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), widely known as the 'Earth Summit', was convened in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  2. Step 2: The summit adopted the historic Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which called upon all signatory nations to take appropriate measures for the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
Answer
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Why not the others: 'Montreal Protocol...' was signed in 1987 in Montreal to phase out ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); 'Kyoto Protocol...' was adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, to limit greenhouse gas emissions; 'Ramsar Convention...' was adopted in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, to conserve wetlands.

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