Which cellular organelle is responsible for post-translational modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins into transport vesicles?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Golgi apparatus
- Step 1: Trace the endomembrane protein trafficking pathway: synthesized on rough ER ribosomes, transported to Golgi cisternae.
- Step 2: The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins (glycosylation, phosphorylation), sorts them according to molecular tags, and packages them into secretory vesicles or lysosomes.
Answer
Golgi apparatus.
Why not the others: Smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals; lysosomes degrade cellular waste; peroxisomes neutralize hydrogen peroxide.
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