Which part of the human nephron is primarily responsible for establishing a high hypertonic osmotic gradient in the renal medulla via a countercurrent multiplier mechanism?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Loop of Henle
- Step 1: Recall renal physiology and medullary hypertonicity.
- Step 2: The loop of Henle, with its water-permeable descending limb and salt-pumping ascending limb, operates as a countercurrent multiplier to build the medullary concentration gradient essential for water reabsorption.
Answer
Loop of Henle.
Why not the others: Bowman's capsule performs initial glomerular filtration; proximal tubule reabsorbs bulk nutrients and bicarbonate; distal tubule performs hormone-regulated fine-tuning.
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