Lebanese Medical Colloquium (Colloquium Liban) · Internal Medicine and Pediatrics
General Pediatrics and Neonatal Medicine
70 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.
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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.
All 70 questions
- A 2-year-old boy presents with sudden barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarseness that worsens at night. He is afebrile and in mild respiratory distress. What is the first-line pharmacotherapy…
- A 4-year-old child presents with high fever (39.8°C), severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, drooling, and sits upright leaning forward with the neck extended ('tripod position'). What is the prio…
- A 3-year-old boy presents with 6 days of persistent high fever, bilateral non-purulent conjunctival injection, cracked red lips, strawberry tongue, polymorphous rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Wha…
- A 6-month-old infant presents during winter with rhinorrhea, low-grade fever, tachypnea, expiratory wheezing, and bilateral subcostal retractions. What is the most common viral etiology of acute bronc…
- A 3-week-old full-term male presents with forceful non-bilious projectile vomiting after every feed. He is ravenously hungry. Physical examination reveals mild dehydration and a palpable small olive-s…
- What classic serum electrolyte abnormality is produced by persistent severe vomiting in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
- An 8-month-old infant presents with sudden paroxysms of severe colicky abdominal pain during which he draws his legs to his chest, interspersed with periods of lethargy. Several hours later, he passes…
- A newborn infant born at 39 weeks develops physiological jaundice. By what mechanism does physiological jaundice of the newborn primarily arise?
- A 10-day-old infant presents with persistent jaundice and dark urine that stains the diaper, along with pale, acholic (clay-colored) stools. Laboratory evaluation shows conjugated (direct) hyperbiliru…
- A 32-week preterm infant born to an unmedicated mother develops grunting, tachypnea, intercostal retractions, and cyanosis within 30 minutes of birth. Chest radiography shows diffuse 'ground-glass' re…
- A 4-year-old child presents with a 2-minute generalized tonic-clonic seizure during a febrile illness (39.2°C due to acute otitis media). He recovers baseline alertness within 10 minutes. There is no…
- A 5-year-old unimmunized girl presents with high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Physical examination of the buccal mucosa reveals tiny white spots on a red base opposite the lower molars (K…
- A newborn infant is evaluated at 1 minute of life: heart rate 120 bpm (2 points), vigorous crying with good respiratory effort (2 points), active flexion of extremities (2 points), vigorous grimace wi…
- A 6-year-old child presents with sudden generalized urticaria, facial angioedema, stridor, and wheezing 5 minutes after eating peanut butter. What is the immediate life-saving first-line medication?
- What are the four classic anatomical components of the congenital cardiac defect Tetralogy of Fallot?
- A 7-year-old boy presents with painless macroscopic hematuria and facial periorbital edema 2 weeks after an episode of culture-confirmed streptococcal pharyngitis. What is the classic laboratory findi…
- An 18-month-old toddler presents with bowed legs (genu varum), rachitic rosary (enlarged costochondral junctions), and widened wrists. What nutritional deficiency is the primary cause of nutritional r…
- A 12-month-old infant presents for routine wellness evaluation. According to standard developmental milestones, which motor skill is expected at 12 months?
- A 3-year-old child presents with high fever, ear tugging, and crying. Otoscopy reveals a bulging, hyperemic, opaque tympanic membrane with poor mobility on pneumatic otoscopy. What is the diagnosis?
- A 4-year-old boy presents with progressive proximal muscle weakness. His parents notice difficulty rising from the floor; he places his hands on his knees and 'walks up' his thighs to reach an upright…
- A 2-year-old child presents with fever, irritability, and painful vesicles on the anterior oral mucosa, tongue, and gingiva that bleed easily. Cervical lymph nodes are enlarged. What is the most commo…
- A 5-year-old girl presents with 3 days of low-grade fever, malaise, and an itchy rash that started on the scalp and face and spread to the trunk. Physical examination reveals macules, papules, vesicle…
- What is the primary screening tool recommended at age 18 and 24 months for early detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
- A 6-year-old boy presents with lower extremity palpable non-thrombocytopenic purpura, colicky abdominal pain, arthralgia, and microscopic hematuria. Platelet count is normal at 320,000/mm3. What is th…
- A 10-month-old infant with failure to thrive and recurrent sinopulmonary infections has bulky, foul-smelling, greasy stools. Sweat chloride testing reveals a chloride concentration of 75 mEq/L (normal…
- A 14-year-old girl presents with progressive exertional fatigue and pallor. Complete blood count shows Hb 8.2 g/dL, MCV 68 fL (microcytic), MCH 21 pg (hypochromic), and elevated red cell distribution…
- A 12 kg child is prescribed an antibiotic at 50 mg/kg/day in 3 equal divided doses. How many mg per dose?
- A 18 kg child is prescribed an antibiotic at 60 mg/kg/day in 3 equal divided doses. How many mg per dose?
- A child weighing 8 kg needs a fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg. What volume is given?
- A child weighing 12 kg needs a fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg. What volume is given?
- A child weighing 15 kg needs a fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg. What volume is given?
- A child weighing 10 kg needs a fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg. What volume is given?
- A child weighing 25 kg needs a fluid bolus of 10 mL/kg. What volume is given?
- A baby born at 32 weeks of gestation is now 20 weeks old (chronological age from birth). What is the corrected age in weeks?
- A baby born at 28 weeks of gestation is now 36 weeks old (chronological age from birth). What is the corrected age in weeks?
- A baby born at 34 weeks of gestation is now 16 weeks old (chronological age from birth). What is the corrected age in weeks?
- A baby born at 30 weeks of gestation is now 24 weeks old (chronological age from birth). What is the corrected age in weeks?
- A breastfed newborn weighed 3200 g at birth and 3000 g on day 4. What percentage of birth weight has been lost?
- A breastfed newborn weighed 3500 g at birth and 3150 g on day 5. What percentage of birth weight has been lost?
- A breastfed newborn weighed 2800 g at birth and 2660 g on day 3. What percentage of birth weight has been lost?
- A breastfed newborn weighed 4000 g at birth and 3600 g on day 5. What percentage of birth weight has been lost?
- A 3-year-old has fever, ear pain and a bulging red tympanic membrane. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Which condition is most likely in a child with sore throat, fever, tender anterior cervical nodes and tonsillar exudate without cough?
- Which vaccine-preventable disease causes paroxysmal cough with an inspiratory whoop?
- A child with chickenpox develops a red painful swollen area of skin with fever. Which complication is likely?
- Which medication should be avoided in children with viral illness because of the risk of Reye syndrome?
- A 5-year-old has palpable purpura on the buttocks and legs, abdominal pain and joint pain. What is the diagnosis?
- A boy has recurrent haemarthroses and a prolonged APTT with normal PT. Which factor is deficient?
- Which finding is typical of a newborn with developmental dysplasia of the hip?
- Which condition presents in an obese adolescent with knee pain and a limp, and is diagnosed by external rotation of the hip on flexion?
- A 4-year-old has an acutely painful hip with fever and cannot bear weight. Which diagnosis must be excluded urgently?
- Which treatment is used for infants with respiratory distress syndrome from surfactant deficiency?
- Which drug is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm infant?
- Which cardiac lesion needs prostaglandin E1 to keep the ductus open in a cyanosed newborn?
- What is the blood glucose threshold below which neonatal hypoglycaemia is usually treated, in many guidelines?
- Which sign is a red flag for possible non-accidental injury in an infant?
- Which test is most useful for diagnosing coeliac disease in a child with failure to thrive?
- What is the most common cause of failure to thrive worldwide?
- A boy has progressive difficulty climbing stairs and a Gowers sign. Which test confirms the diagnosis?
- What is the most important preventive measure to reduce neural tube defects?
- Which finding is characteristic of hydrocephalus in an infant?
- Which drug is the first-line preventer for children with persistent asthma?
- What is the first-line treatment for mild atopic dermatitis in children?
- Which condition causes bilious vomiting in a newborn and a double bubble sign on X-ray?
- What is the first-line management of an infant with a first uncomplicated urinary tract infection and fever, who is not toxic and is feeding?
- Which developmental milestone is expected at 6 months?
- What is the recommended age to start complementary foods according to WHO guidance?
- Which clinical sign suggests enteric fever in a child returning from an endemic area?
- A child has abdominal pain, fever and a positive Rovsing sign. What is the likely diagnosis?
- Which cause of neonatal jaundice presents after the first week and is associated with pale stools and dark urine?
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