NEET UG · Biology

Chemical Coordination and Integration, Human Health and Disease

27 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 27 questions

  1. Which peptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells (C-cells) of the thyroid gland acts as a hypocalcemic hormone by lowering blood calcium levels?
  2. Which endocrine disorder results from severe congenital hypothyroidism during pregnancy, causing stunted growth, mental retardation, and deaf-mutism in the infant?
  3. How does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH / Collip's hormone) increase circulating calcium levels in human blood?
  4. Which lobular lymphoid and endocrine organ situated in the mediastinum near the heart secretes thymosins to promote T-lymphocyte differentiation, but progressively atrophies with age?
  5. Which layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for synthesizing and secreting mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone?
  6. Why are adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) designated as 'emergency hormones' or hormones of fight-or-flight?
  7. Which gastrointestinal peptide hormone stimulates the exocrine pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate ions into pancreatic juice to neutralize acidic gastric chyme?
  8. Why do lipid-insoluble peptide hormones (such as insulin, glucagon, and FSH) require secondary messengers (like cAMP or IP3) to elicit a cellular response?
  9. Which serological diagnostic test is routinely utilized in clinical pathology for the laboratory confirmation of typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi)?
  10. Why does the common cold, caused by Rhinoviruses, differ fundamentally from bacterial pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae) in terms of respiratory pathology?
  11. What is the toxic metabolic byproduct released upon the synchronous rupture of infected human erythrocytes during the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium, responsible for recurring chills and high feve…
  12. Which vector mosquito transmits the parasitic filarial worm Wuchereria bancrofti, the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)?
  13. Which category of innate immunity barrier is represented by lysozyme in tears and saliva, and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice?
  14. What is the basic molecular structure of a monomeric immunoglobulin (antibody) molecule produced by plasma B-cells?
  15. Which class of immunoglobulin is uniquely abundant in colostrum (the yellowish fluid secreted by the mother during the initial days of lactation), conferring passive immunity to the newborn?
  16. Why does an allergic reaction to allergens like pollen or animal dander trigger immediate symptoms of sneezing, watery eyes, and bronchoconstriction?
  17. What percentage of the total lymphoid tissue in the human body is constituted by Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?
  18. In the replication cycle of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which enzyme converts single-stranded viral RNA into double-stranded viral DNA inside the host cell cytoplasm?
  19. Why are macrophages referred to as the 'HIV factory' during the progression of HIV infection?
  20. What is the definitive histological hallmark that distinguishes malignant tumors from benign tumors?
  21. Which biological response modifier is clinically administered to cancer patients to activate their endogenous immune system and help eradicate malignant tumors?
  22. From which plant species and plant part is the natural opioid drug morphine extracted?
  23. How does cocaine (coca alkaloid) produce its characteristic central nervous system stimulant effects and feelings of intense euphoria?
  24. Why does tobacco smoking significantly reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood in chronic smokers?
  25. Which genus of fungi is not an etiological agent responsible for the dermatological condition known as ringworm (tinea)?
  26. Which autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder is characterized by the production of autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor) that target the synovial membrane of diarthrodial joints?
  27. Which hormone produced by the heart atria serves as a direct chemical antagonist to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by causing vasodilation and reducing blood pressure?

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