Egyptian Medical Licensing Examination (EMLE) · Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology

Pediatrics and Neonatology

73 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 73 questions

  1. A full-term newborn is evaluated 1 minute after uncomplicated delivery. The baby has a vigorous cry, heart rate of 120 bpm, active motion and flexion of all extremities, pink body with cyanotic hands…
  2. A 3-week-old first-born male infant presents with forceful non-bilious projectile vomiting after every feed. He is ravenously hungry immediately following emesis. On physical examination, a mobile oli…
  3. A 14-month-old infant presents with a barking seal-like cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarseness that worsens at night. Anteroposterior soft tissue neck radiograph demonstrates subglottic tracheal n…
  4. A 4-year-old child presents with high fever, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, dry cracked lips with strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, and erythema with edema of the hands and feet. Wh…
  5. At what developmental milestone age does an infant typically sit unsupported without support, transfer objects from hand to hand, and babble consonant sounds?
  6. A 6-month-old infant presents with a 2-day history of low-grade fever, rhinorrhea, followed by tachypnea, wheezing, intercostal retractions, and diffuse fine crackles on chest auscultation. What is th…
  7. A 2-year-old child presents with acute onset of severe colicky abdominal pain during which he draws his knees to his chest, followed by lethargy and passage of a 'currant jelly' stool. Abdominal ultra…
  8. What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for a 7-year-old child with newly diagnosed absence seizures (petit mal) showing classic 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharges on EEG?
  9. A 3-day-old breastfed full-term infant has visible jaundice. Total serum bilirubin is 11.5 mg/dL, with unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin 10.8 mg/dL. Reticulocyte count is normal and Coombs test is neg…
  10. A 5-year-old boy presents with sudden onset of diffuse petechiae and purpura following a mild viral upper respiratory illness 2 weeks ago. Complete blood count shows platelets 18,000/uL, hemoglobin 13…
  11. A newborn infant born to a mother with polyhydramnios develops excessive oral drooling, frothing, and immediate choking and cyanosis during the first attempted feed. A nasogastric tube cannot be advan…
  12. Which congenital heart defect is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease manifesting beyond the immediate neonatal period, characterized by ventricular septal defect, overriding aor…
  13. A 3-year-old child presents with generalized periorbital and pretibial edema. Urinalysis shows 4+ proteinuria, with 24-hour urine protein > 50 mg/kg/day, serum albumin 1.8 g/dL, and normal serum compl…
  14. A 6-year-old female presents with a 4-day history of fever, sore throat, and a diffuse erythematous 'sandpaper-like' rash that blanches on pressure and accentuates in skin folds (Pastia's lines), acco…
  15. Which vaccine in the national pediatric immunization schedule protects against childhood epiglottitis, bacterial meningitis, and septic arthritis caused by an encapsulated gram-negative coccobacillus?
  16. A 4-year-old boy presents with progressive proximal muscle weakness, difficulty climbing stairs, and uses his hands to 'walk up' his thighs when rising from the floor (Gowers' sign). Calf muscles appe…
  17. A 9-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for developmental assessment. The mother notes that the child has poor head control, cannot sit, has fair skin, blue eyes, musty (mousy) body odor, and re…
  18. A 7-year-old boy presents with acute onset of colicky abdominal pain, palpable purpura over the buttocks and lower extremities, arthralgias of the knees and ankles, and microscopic hematuria. Platelet…
  19. A 2-year-old child presents with fever, refusal to bear weight on the right leg, and holds the right hip in flexion, abduction, and external rotation. Kocher criteria are evaluated to distinguish sept…
  20. What is the most common cause of neonatal respiratory distress in preterm infants born prior to 32 weeks gestation, caused by developmental deficiency of pulmonary surfactant?
  21. A 10-year-old child with sickle cell disease presents with sudden severe pain in the thighs and lower back, accompanied by low-grade fever. Hemoglobin is stable at 8.0 g/dL. What type of sickle crisis…
  22. Which primitive neonatal reflex is elicited by allowing the infant's head to gently drop back a few centimeters, resulting in sudden abduction and extension of the arms followed by adduction and cryin…
  23. A 3-year-old child presents with unilateral foul-smelling, purulent nasal discharge of 5 days duration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
  24. Which pediatric infection caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is characterized by 3 to 5 days of high fever that ends abruptly, immediately followed by the eruption of a rose-pink maculopapular rash…
  25. A 6-year-old male presents with recurrent epistaxis, easy bruising, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Complete blood count shows Hb 7.5 g/dL, WBC 45,000/uL with 65% lymphoblasts, and platelets 22,000/uL.…
  26. A 1-year-old child presents with craniotabes, frontal bossing, rachitic rosary (enlarged costochondral junctions), and bowing of the legs upon weight-bearing. Serum alkaline phosphatase is elevated, w…
  27. A 3-year-old boy presents with sudden respiratory distress, facial angioedema, and wheezing 10 minutes after peanut ingestion. What is the immediate first-line medication and route?
  28. A 4-year-old girl presents with 6 days of high fever, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, polymorphous rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy. What is the primary therapy to prevent…
  29. A pregnant woman at 34 weeks gestation presents with BP , severe frontal headache, visual scotomas, and platelet count . What is the drug of choice for seizure…
  30. A 28-year-old G1P0 at 7 weeks gestation presents with right lower quadrant pelvic pain and vaginal spotting. Ultrasound shows an empty uterus with a adnexal mass without cardiac activi…
  31. During delivery of a macrosomic infant, the fetal head delivers but retracts tightly against the perineum ('turtle sign'). Gentle traction fails. What is the first-line obstetric maneuver?
  32. What is the first-line fluid for moderate dehydration in a child who can drink?
  33. A boy has difficulty rising from the floor using his hands to climb up his legs and calf pseudohypertrophy. What is the diagnosis?
  34. A child weighing 30 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 10 mg/kg/day in 2 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  35. A child weighing 34 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  36. Using the standard estimation formula, what is the approximate weight of a 1-year-old child?
  37. A child has a barking cough, inspiratory stridor and a 'steeple sign' on neck X-ray. What is the diagnosis?
  38. A 8 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 20 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  39. Using the standard estimation formula, what is the approximate weight of a 9-year-old child?
  40. A child squats after exertion and has cyanotic spells. Which condition is most likely?
  41. Bowing of the legs, widened wrists and a rachitic rosary suggest what?
  42. A child weighing 22 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  43. At 1 minute a newborn has absent heart rate, weak irregular breathing, active movement, a grimace and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores 0, 1 or 2.)
  44. Using the standard estimation formula, what is the approximate weight of a 4-year-old child?
  45. A 18 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 20 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  46. At 1 minute a newborn has absent heart rate, a strong cry, limp, no response to stimulation and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores 0, 1 or 2.)
  47. A 18 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 50 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  48. Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa are a feature of which disease?
  49. A child weighing 33 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  50. A 10 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 100 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  51. A baby has a single palmar crease, a flat facial profile and hypotonia. Which cardiac defect is most common in this condition?
  52. Jaundice within the first 24 hours of life is most likely due to what?
  53. A child weighing 14 kg needs maintenance intravenous fluids. Using the 4-2-1 rule, what hourly rate is required?
  54. A child weighing 26 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 30 mg/kg/day in 2 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  55. A child weighing 24 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 20 mg/kg/day in 3 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  56. A child has sudden episodes of staring and unresponsiveness lasting a few seconds with 3 Hz spike-and-wave on the EEG. What is the diagnosis?
  57. A newborn has bilious vomiting on the first day and a 'double bubble' sign on abdominal X-ray. What is the diagnosis?
  58. Which vaccine is given to prevent tuberculosis in infants in many countries?
  59. A 10 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 20 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  60. A child has a fever for five days, bilateral conjunctivitis, cracked lips, a rash and cervical lymphadenopathy. What is the diagnosis?
  61. At what age do most children first use two-word phrases?
  62. Using the standard estimation formula, what is the approximate weight of a 5-year-old child?
  63. At what age do most infants sit without support?
  64. A child weighing 22 kg is prescribed an antibiotic at 30 mg/kg/day in 3 equally divided doses. How many mg is each dose?
  65. What is the usual maximum single dose of paracetamol for a child?
  66. A 6-month-old with wheeze, coryza and respiratory distress in winter most likely has what?
  67. At 1 minute a newborn has heart rate below 100, a strong cry, some flexion of the limbs, a vigorous cry on stimulation and a blue or pale body. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores 0, 1…
  68. A 9-month-old has intermittent drawing up of the legs, 'redcurrant jelly' stool and a sausage-shaped mass. What is the diagnosis?
  69. Using the standard estimation formula, what is the approximate weight of a 2-year-old child?
  70. A 20 kg child with some dehydration needs oral rehydration solution at 50 mL/kg over 4 hours. How much solution is needed?
  71. A child has periorbital oedema, heavy proteinuria and normal complement levels. Which diagnosis is most likely?
  72. At 1 minute a newborn has heart rate below 100, a strong cry, active movement, a vigorous cry on stimulation and a pink body with blue extremities. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores…
  73. At 1 minute a newborn has absent heart rate, weak irregular breathing, limp, a vigorous cry on stimulation and a completely pink body. What is the Apgar score? (Each of five signs scores 0, 1 or 2.)

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