Which statement accurately synthesizes the environmental trade-offs associated with large-scale lithium-ion battery production for electric vehicles?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. They cut tailpipe emissions but demand heavy water and mineral extraction
- Step 1: Battery electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions and lower lifetime greenhouse gases compared to ICE vehicles.
- Step 2: However, mining lithium, cobalt, and nickel demands vast quantities of water and chemicals, creating local water stress, habitat destruction, and chemical runoff in mining regions.
Answer
They substantially reduce operational tailpipe emissions but entail substantial water consumption and ecological disruption during raw mineral extraction.
Why not the others: Supply chains have tangible footprints; lithium is mined from ores and brines, not synthesized from air; lifecycle emissions are lower than diesel.
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