Bangladesh Civil Service Preliminary Examination · General Science and Information & Communication Technology

Biological Sciences, Genetics and Physiology

35 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 35 questions

Which cellular organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it synthesizes the majority of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Which cellular structures are the primary sites of biological protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
During the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis in green plants, where does the photolysis of water molecules occur?
Which key photosynthetic enzyme catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate in the Calvin cycle?
Which complex vascular plant tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved inorganic minerals upward from roots to leaves?
Which plant hormone is synthesized in shoot apical meristems and induces phototropic bending by stimulating cell elongation on the shaded side?
Which gaseous phytohormone promotes the natural ripening of climacteric fruits such as bananas and mangoes?
Which blood group individual is designated as the universal donor in blood transfusions because their red blood cells lack both A and B surface antigens?
Which blood vessel transports deoxygenated venous blood directly from the right ventricle of the heart into the lungs for re-oxygenation?
In the functional anatomy of the human nephron, where does passive ultrafiltration of blood plasma take place?
Which endocrine hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas to lower elevated blood glucose levels?
Which trace element is an indispensable constituent of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)?
Which part of the human brain controls vital autonomic reflexes including cardiac rate, arterial blood pressure, and rhythmic respiration?
Which region of the human brain is primarily responsible for motor coordination, balance, and fine procedural muscle memory?
According to the Watson-Crick double-helix model of DNA, how many hydrogen bonds form between complementary guanine and cytosine nitrogenous bases?
In classical Mendelian genetics, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross with complete dominance?
Which human genetic disorder is an X-linked recessive condition characterized by an impaired ability of blood to coagulate normally?
Which chromosomal nondisjunction disorder is caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21)?
Which pathogenic bacterium is the causative agent of acute epidemic cholera transmitted through contaminated drinking water?
Which protozoan parasite causes the most severe and lethal form of human malaria, transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito vector?
Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness (nyctalopia) and can progress to severe corneal xerophthalmia?
Which clinical deficiency disease results from an insufficient dietary intake of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)?
Which metabolic bone disease in young children is caused by a nutritional deficiency of Vitamin D, leading to soft, bowed legs?
Which clinical condition is caused by a severe dietary deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)?
Which biological vaccine contains an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis and is administered to neonates to protect against tuberculosis?
Which enzyme present in human saliva and pancreatic secretions hydrolyzes complex dietary starches into maltose disaccharides?
What is the average physiological lifespan of a mature circulating human red blood cell (erythrocyte) in healthy adults?
Which viral infection transmitted primarily by daytime-biting Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is characterized by sudden high fever, retro-orbital headache, and severe arthralgia?
Which immunoglobin isotype is the only antibody capable of crossing the maternal placenta to provide passive systemic immunity to the fetus?
Which cellular process of nuclear division produces four genetically non-identical haploid gametes from a single diploid germ cell?
Which enzyme unwinds the double-stranded DNA helix at the replication fork by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs during DNA replication?
In human respiratory physiology, which gas law explains why gas exchange occurs passively across the alveolar-capillary membrane from regions of high partial pressure to low partial pressure?
Which vitamin requires gastric intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells in the stomach for its absorption in the terminal ileum?
Which specialized phagocytic white blood cells are typically the first leukocyte responders to arrive at a site of acute bacterial tissue infection?
What is the ultimate electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain during aerobic cellular respiration?

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