Medical College Admission Test (Bangladesh) · Physics and Medical Science

Medical Mechanics, Fluids and Thermal Physics

35 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 35 questions

  1. According to Poiseuille's Law, how is laminar volumetric blood flow rate Q through a blood vessel related to the vessel radius r? (Hard)
  2. What instrument is routinely used with a stethoscope to measure arterial blood pressure in clinical medicine?
  3. What produces the clinical Korotkoff sounds heard through a stethoscope (Hard) during arterial blood pressure measurement?
  4. What is the primary physiological function of pulmonary surfactant in human alveoli?
  5. According to the Law of Laplace (P = 2T / r), what would happen to smaller alveoli compared to larger ones if surfactant were completely absent? (Hard)
  6. What clinical disorder in premature infants is caused by surfactant deficiency due to immature Type II alveolar pneumocytes?
  7. What physical property determines whether fluid flow through a blood vessel is smooth laminar flow or turbulent flow? (Hard)
  8. What frequency range is typically utilized by diagnostic medical ultrasound transducers for imaging human internal organs?
  9. Which physical principle is utilized in an ultrasound transducer probe to generate and detect ultrasound waves?
  10. What acoustic parameter determined by the product of tissue density and sound velocity (Z = rho * v) (Hard) governs echo reflection in ultrasound?
  11. Why is acoustic coupling gel applied to the patient's skin before performing an ultrasound scan?
  12. What medical imaging technique utilizes the frequency shift of reflected sound waves to evaluate blood velocity in cardiovascular vessels?
  13. Why does human body heat loss increase dramatically when immersed in cold water (Hard) compared to cold air of the same temperature?
  14. What is the primary mechanism of heat loss from the human body at rest in a comfortable room temperature environment (approx 21-25 deg C)?
  15. At high ambient environmental temperatures exceeding body core temperature (e.g. 40 deg C), what is the ONLY effective physiological mechanism of heat dissipation?
  16. What thermodynamic law explains why human core body temperature remains constant when rate of metabolic heat production equals rate of heat loss?
  17. How is cardiac mechanical work output related to arterial blood pressure and stroke volume per beat?
  18. Which biological tissue exhibits viscoelastic behavior, showing both viscous fluid damping and elastic spring properties under stress?
  19. What elastic property of the human aorta (the Windkessel effect) maintains continuous peripheral blood flow during ventricular diastole? (Hard)
  20. How is the velocity of blood flow v in different segments of the human cardiovascular tree related to total cross-sectional area A?
  21. What is the primary physical cause of the first heart sound (S1, 'lub') heard on cardiac auscultation?
  22. What produces the second heart sound (S2, 'dub') heard on cardiac auscultation?
  23. What is the anatomical dead space volume in an average healthy adult respiratory system?
  24. If a person has a tidal volume of 500 mL, anatomical dead space of 150 mL, and breathing frequency of 12 breaths/minute, what is their Alveolar Ventilation rate? (Hard)
  25. What is the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal restful breath called?
  26. What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs even after maximal forced expiration called?
  27. What is Vital Capacity (VC) of human lungs?
  28. Why can Residual Volume (RV) and Total Lung Capacity (TLC) NOT be measured using simple spirometry?
  29. How is the resistance to fluid flow R in a cylindrical pipe related to fluid dynamic viscosity eta?
  30. What clinical condition characterized by excessive red blood cell count causes elevated blood viscosity and increased cardiac workload?
  31. What is the SI unit of dynamic viscosity eta?
  32. What is the buoyant force acting on a completely submerged object according to Archimedes' Principle?
  33. How is hydrostatic pressure P at depth h in a liquid of uniform density rho related to depth?
  34. What is the principle behind a hydraulic hospital bed or surgical lift?
  35. What is the clinical definition of compliance C of a hollow biological organ like the lungs or urinary bladder?

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