Medical College Admission Test (Bangladesh) · Biology

Cell Biology, Molecular Biology and Genetics

35 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 35 questions

  1. Who proposed the Fluid Mosaic Model of the biological plasma membrane in 1972?
  2. Which cellular organelle is universally referred to as the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells due to oxidative ATP generation?
  3. What are the sedimentation coefficients of the two ribosomal subunits in a eukaryotic 80S ribosome?
  4. Which cell organelle contains acid hydrolase enzymes and functions as the primary intracellular digestive system?
  5. During which stage of Meiosis I does homologous chromosome crossing over and genetic recombination take place? (Hard)
  6. In which substage of Prophase I does synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes) occur?
  7. At which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate completely and move toward opposite spindle poles?
  8. What is the pitch (axial length of one complete 360-degree helical turn) of standard B-DNA double helix?
  9. Which nitrogenous base is present exclusively in RNA and replaces Thymine found in DNA?
  10. Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a short complementary RNA primer required to initiate DNA replication?
  11. What is the universal translation start codon that codes for Methionine in eukaryotic protein synthesis?
  12. Which set represents all three termination (nonsense or stop) codons in the standard genetic code? (Hard)
  13. What is the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a classic Mendelian dihybrid cross exhibiting independent assortment?
  14. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation under complementary gene action (duplicate recessive epistasis)? (Hard)
  15. What modified phenotypic ratio is produced in the offspring of heterozygous carriers of a recessive lethal gene?
  16. Which inheritance pattern characterizes human conditions such as Red-Green Color Blindness and Hemophilia A?
  17. What is the genetic basis of the human ABO blood group system?
  18. How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are present in a normal diploid human somatic cell?
  19. What is the chromosomal constitution of an individual with Turner Syndrome?
  20. What is the chromosomal anomaly responsible for Down Syndrome?
  21. Who experimentally confirmed the semi-conservative mode of DNA replication using 15N isotope labeling in E. coli in 1958? (Hard)
  22. Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication by catalyzing phosphodiester bond formation?
  23. In eukaryotic gene expression, which post-transcriptional modification involves removing non-coding sequences and joining exons together?
  24. Which structural region of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule pairs directly with a codon on mRNA during translation?
  25. At which specific site on a tRNA molecule does the cognate amino acid become covalently attached?
  26. Which property of the genetic code indicates that a single amino acid can be encoded by more than one distinct codon? (Hard)
  27. What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon, leading to an abnormally truncated and non-functional protein?
  28. Which histone protein functions as the linker histone that clamps DNA to the core octamer in a eukaryotic nucleosome? (Hard)
  29. What is the central dogma of molecular biology as originally stated by Francis Crick?
  30. Which type of RNA accounts for the largest fraction (approximately 80%) of total cellular RNA in a typical eukaryotic cell?
  31. What is the role of DNA Topoisomerase (DNA Gyrase) during DNA replication?
  32. What is an operon in bacterial gene regulation (such as the lac operon)? (Hard)
  33. In the lac operon of E. coli, what molecule acts as the inducer that binds to the repressor protein to initiate transcription?
  34. What is the function of the telomere cap at the ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes?
  35. Which enzyme synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursors inside the eukaryotic nucleolus? (Hard)

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