Medical College Admission Test (Bangladesh) · Biology

Human Physiology and Animal Diversity

35 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 35 questions

  1. Which specialized cardiac tissue serves as the primary natural pacemaker of the human heart?
  2. What is the normal resting blood pressure of a healthy human adult measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)?
  3. What is the primary form in which carbon dioxide is transported from body tissues to the lungs in human blood? (Hard)
  4. What is the Hamburger phenomenon (Chloride Shift) during carbon dioxide transport in blood? (Hard)
  5. Which enzyme secreted by the chief cells of the gastric mucosa initiates protein digestion in the human stomach?
  6. Where is bile synthesized, and where is it stored and concentrated before release into the duodenum?
  7. What is the primary function of bile salts in the digestion of dietary fats? (Hard)
  8. What is the functional structural unit of the human kidney responsible for urine formation?
  9. In which part of the renal tubule does the majority (approximately 65-70%) of water, sodium, and nutrients get reabsorbed?
  10. Which hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary increases water reabsorption in renal collecting ducts?
  11. Which endocrine cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete Insulin?
  12. What is the resting membrane potential of a typical human neuron?
  13. During the rising phase (depolarization) of an action potential in a nerve fiber, which ion channels open rapidly?
  14. Which type of white blood cell (leukocyte) is the most abundant in normal human peripheral blood?
  15. Which blood type is known as the universal recipient for packed red blood cell transfusions in the ABO system?
  16. What is the life span of a normal mature human Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte) in the circulation?
  17. Which phylum of the animal kingdom contains multicellular organisms with cellular level of organization and choanocyte collar cells?
  18. Which phylum is characterized by stinging cells (Hard) called cnidocytes (nematocysts) and metagenesis (alternation of polyp and medusa)?
  19. Which excretory cells are characteristic of flatworms (Hard) (phylum Platyhelminthes, e.g. Planaria and Liver fluke)?
  20. Which phylum is classified as pseudocoelomate (having a body cavity not completely lined by mesoderm)? (Hard)
  21. What type of circulatory system is found in the phylum Arthropoda (e.g. Cockroach)?
  22. What is the excretory organ in the Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)?
  23. Which phylum exhibits true metameric segmentation, a closed circulatory system with hemoglobin dissolved in plasma, and nephridia?
  24. Which phylum possesses a rasping feeding organ called a radula and a mantle that secretes a calcareous shell?
  25. Which animal phylum features a unique water vascular system (ambulacral system) used for locomotion, food capture, and respiration?
  26. What are the three fundamental diagnostic chordate characteristics (Hard) present at some stage during the life cycle of every chordate?
  27. Which class of vertebrates possesses a pneumatic (air-filled) skeleton, a four-chambered heart, endothermy, and feathers?
  28. What is the principal nitrogenous waste excreted by adult humans and other ureotelic mammals?
  29. Where does the enzymatic Urea Cycle (Ornithine Cycle) take place in the human body? (Hard)
  30. What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle in the mammalian nephron?
  31. Which hormone stimulates the production of erythrocytes (erythropoiesis) in response to hypoxia?
  32. Which endocrine gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and is master regulator of the endocrine system?
  33. Which hormone is secreted by the parafollicular (C cells) of the thyroid gland to lower elevated blood calcium levels?
  34. Which part of the human brain coordinates voluntary muscle movements, posture, and balance?
  35. Where are the respiratory and cardiovascular autonomic reflex centers located in the human brainstem?

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