Toelatingsexamen Arts & Tandarts België (Medical & Dental Entrance Exam) · Chemistry and Biochemistry

General Chemistry, Atomic Structure, Stoichiometry, and Thermochemistry

35 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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All 35 questions

  1. What is the correct ground-state electron configuration of a neutral copper atom (Z = 29)?
  2. Why does nitrogen (Z = 7) have a higher first ionization energy than oxygen (Z = 8), despite oxygen having a higher nuclear charge?
  3. According to VSEPR theory, what are the electron geometry and molecular shape of the sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) molecule?
  4. Which compound exhibits the highest normal boiling point due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding?
  5. What volume does 0.500 moles of an ideal gas occupy at standard temperature and pressure (STP: 0 °C and 1.00 atm, where molar volume is 22.4 L/mol)?
  6. A gas mixture contains 4.0 moles of nitrogen (N2) and 1.0 mole of oxygen (O2) at a total pressure of 5.0 atm. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the mixture?
  7. Consider the synthesis of ammonia: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) -> 2 NH3(g). If 2.0 moles of N2 are reacted with 3.0 moles of H2, which reactant is limiting and what is the theoretical yield of NH3?
  8. What volume of 2.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) stock solution is needed to prepare 500 mL of a 0.20 M HCl working solution?
  9. Given the standard enthalpies of formation: ΔHf°[CO2(g)] = -393.5 kJ/mol, ΔHf°[H2O(l)] = -285.8 kJ/mol, and ΔHf°[CH4(g)] = -74.8 kJ/mol, what is the standard enthalpy of combustion for methane: CH4(g)…
  10. Under which conditions of enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) will a chemical reaction be spontaneous (ΔG < 0) at all temperatures?
  11. For a reaction with standard enthalpy ΔH° = +40.0 kJ/mol and standard entropy ΔS° = +100 J/(mol·K), at what temperature does the reaction transition from non-spontaneous to spontaneous?
  12. The rate law for the reaction 2 A + B -> C is experimentally determined to be Rate = k [A]^2 [B]. If the concentration of A is tripled and the concentration of B is doubled, by what factor does the in…
  13. A first-order chemical reaction has a rate constant k = 0.0693 min^-1. What is the half-life (t1/2) of this reaction?
  14. How does a chemical catalyst accelerate a reaction without altering the position of chemical equilibrium?
  15. For the gaseous equilibrium N2(g) + 3 H2(g) <=> 2 NH3(g) (ΔH < 0), which perturbation will shift the equilibrium position to the right (favoring ammonia production)?
  16. The solubility product constant (Ksp) of silver chloride (AgCl) in pure water at 25 °C is 1.8 x 10^-10. What is the molar solubility of AgCl in pure water?
  17. What happens to the solubility of silver chloride (AgCl) when sodium chloride (NaCl) is added to the saturated aqueous solution?
  18. What is the van 't Hoff factor (i) for an ideal dilute solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2, assuming complete dissociation into ions?
  19. What is the osmotic pressure (Π) of a 0.10 M glucose solution at 27 °C (300 K), given R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)?
  20. What is the oxidation state of chromium in the dichromate polyatomic anion, Cr2O7^2-?
  21. In a standard galvanic cell operating at 25 °C, what occurs at the anode?
  22. Given the standard reduction potentials: E°[Zn2+/Zn] = -0.76 V and E°[Cu2+/Cu] = +0.34 V, what is the standard cell potential (E°cell) for the Daniell cell: Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) -> Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)?
  23. Which relationship correctly connects the standard cell potential (E°cell) to the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°)?
  24. According to the Nernst equation at 25 °C, what happens to the cell potential (Ecell) of the Daniell cell (Zn + Cu2+ -> Zn2+ + Cu) if the concentration of Zn2+ is increased while [Cu2+] remains consta…
  25. Why does the solid-liquid phase boundary line have a negative slope in the pressure-temperature phase diagram of water?
  26. What is the hybridization of the central carbon atoms in an ethyne (acetylene, C2H2) molecule?
  27. How many sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonds are present in an ethene (ethylene, C2H4) molecule?
  28. Which species is isoelectronic with the noble gas neon (10 electrons)?
  29. What is the pH of a 0.0010 M aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 25 °C, assuming complete dissociation?
  30. What is the pH of a 0.010 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 25 °C (where Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14)?
  31. Which functional group is characterized by a carbonyl group covalently bonded to both a nitrogen atom and a carbon chain?
  32. What product is obtained when a primary alcohol (such as ethanol) is oxidized using an excess of strong oxidizing agent (such as potassium dichromate in acidic medium)?
  33. What type of chemical reaction occurs between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ester and water?
  34. How many stereocenters (chiral carbon atoms) are present in a 2-bromo-3-chlorobutane molecule?
  35. Which pair of stereoisomers are non-superimposable mirror images of one another?

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