SIMAK UI · Natural Sciences (Kemampuan IPA)

Biology: Cell Physiology, Genetics, Evolution and Ecology

25 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

Practise Biology: Cell Physiology, Genetics, Evolution and Ecology now

Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 25 questions

  1. During aerobic cellular respiration, which metabolic stage generates the vast majority of ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation?
  2. In a dihybrid testcross involving two genes that assort independently ($AaBb \times aabb$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among offspring?
  3. Which enzyme unwinds and separates the double-stranded DNA helix during replication at the replication fork?
  4. Which organelle contains hydrolytic acid enzymes capable of digesting phagocytosed pathogens and worn-out cellular organelles (autophagy)?
  5. What is the primary role of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis in C3 chloroplasts?
  6. In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a recessive allele is . What percentage of the population is expected to be heterozygous ()?
  7. Which plant hormone promotes stomatal closure during water deficit stress to minimize transpiration water loss?
  8. In human nephrons, where does the majority of water, glucose, amino acids, and sodium ion reabsorption occur?
  9. What ecological term describes a symbiotic relationship where one species benefits while the other species is neither helped nor harmed?
  10. Which post-transcriptional RNA modification occurs in eukaryotic pre-mRNA processing prior to nuclear export?
  11. In a cross between two individuals with blood type AB (), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring?
  12. Which stage of meiotic division is characterized by the physical crossing over and recombination of homologous non-sister chromatids?
  13. What is the primary function of myelin sheaths surrounding vertebrate axons in peripheral nervous tissue?
  14. In nitrogen cycle ecology, which group of bacteria converts toxic nitrite () into nitrate () in aerated agricultural soils?
  15. Which tissue layer in dicotyledonous angiosperm stems is responsible for secondary growth, generating secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward?
  16. A mutation that converts an amino acid coding codon into a premature stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is classified as a...
  17. What is the primary immunological function of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules found on nucleated cells?
  18. Which biome is characterized by permafrost, low biodiversity, low annual precipitation, and vegetation dominated by mosses, lichens, and dwarf shrubs?
  19. What is the physiological role of the hormone insulin secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans?
  20. Which evolutionary mechanism produces random fluctuations in allele frequencies in small populations due to chance sampling events?
  21. What is the role of surfactant produced by type II alveolar epithelial cells in the mammalian respiratory system?
  22. In DNA biotechnology, what role do restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) perform?
  23. Which anatomical heart valve prevents backflow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular systole?
  24. In ecological succession, which species typically act as pioneer organisms colonizing bare rock during primary succession?
  25. What is the primary role of tRNA during ribosomal translation?

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